{"id":29587,"date":"2019-07-10T09:00:27","date_gmt":"2019-07-10T14:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/france-amerique.com\/?p=29587"},"modified":"2021-07-06T18:52:27","modified_gmt":"2021-07-06T23:52:27","slug":"que-fete-t-on-pendant-bastille-day","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/france-amerique.com\/fr\/que-fete-t-on-pendant-bastille-day\/","title":{"rendered":"Que f\u00eate-t-on pendant <I>Bastille Day<\/I> ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"29587\" class=\"elementor elementor-29587 elementor-29583\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e9fc3e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e9fc3e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b4f27\" data-id=\"97b4f27\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cc79f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4cc79f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cet enthousiasme pour la Prise de la Bastille, que tous les Fran\u00e7ais ne partagent pas \u2013 la R\u00e9volution, qui fut aussi une guerre civile, n\u2019a pas laiss\u00e9 que de bons souvenirs \u2013 remonte aux origines m\u00eames de l\u2019histoire conjointe de nos deux peuples. Lorsque les nouvelles de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise parvinrent \u00e0 Philadelphie, avec les six semaines de d\u00e9calage habituelles en ce temps-l\u00e0, les p\u00e8res fondateurs et inspirateurs de la nouvelle nation am\u00e9ricaine l\u2019interpr\u00e9t\u00e8rent comme une r\u00e9plique de la lib\u00e9ration des Etats-Unis.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Il est vrai, les m\u00eames principes animent les r\u00e9volutionnaires lib\u00e9raux des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de l\u2019Atlantique et les m\u00eames auteurs : Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu, John Locke. Selon George Washington et Thomas Jefferson, il ne faisait aucun doute, en 1789, que l\u2019esprit des Lumi\u00e8res gagnait le monde entier, parti de Philadelphie, emportant Paris et demain Londres et Berlin. Cet enthousiasme transatlantique persuadera Thomas Paine, le pamphl\u00e9taire d\u00e9terminant de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance des Etats-Unis, de rallier la France et de devenir d\u00e9put\u00e9 \u00e0 la Convention de 1792 ; mais il \u00e9chappera de peu \u00e0 la guillotine lorsque la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise, tournant le dos \u00e0 ses aspirations initiales, sombrera dans une Terreur d\u2019Etat.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Apr\u00e8s l\u2019all\u00e9gresse de la Bastille, les supporters am\u00e9ricains de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise durent vite d\u00e9chanter : ils esp\u00e9raient pour la France une monarchie constitutionnelle, pas la mort du roi ni la guerre civile. John Adams, qui succ\u00e9da \u00e0 George Washington, d\u00e9plora le fait que les Fran\u00e7ais ne savaient pas faire des \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9volutions mod\u00e9r\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb. La jeune r\u00e9publique am\u00e9ricaine, d\u00e8s 1792, se d\u00e9tourna de la France pour des raisons id\u00e9ologiques, mais aussi \u00e9conomiques : les Etats- Unis renou\u00e8rent avec la Grande-Bretagne, leur principal client. Ce qui fera regretter \u00e0 Talleyrand, en exil \u00e0 Philadelphie avant de devenir ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de Napol\u00e9on, le soutien de la France \u00e0 l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance am\u00e9ricaine. \u00ab\u00a0Ces Am\u00e9ricains\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crit-il en 1793, \u00ab\u00a0ne sont apr\u00e8s tout que des Anglais\u00a0\u00bb. Cette antipathie am\u00e9ricaine pour les cons\u00e9quences de la R\u00e9volution de 1789 tournera \u00e0 la haine contre Napol\u00e9on qui trahit les principes de toute r\u00e9publique et d\u00e9truisit le commerce maritime.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Malgr\u00e9 cet amour d\u00e9\u00e7u, les Am\u00e9ricains sont rest\u00e9s fid\u00e8les, non pas \u00e0 la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise en soi, mais \u00e0 ses fondements id\u00e9alistes : d\u2019o\u00f9 <em>Bastille Day<\/em> avec ses f\u00eates de rue et ses bals dans de nombreuses villes am\u00e9ricaines. Et les Fran\u00e7ais, que c\u00e9l\u00e8brent-ils? Eh bien, on ne le sait pas. Un si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s la prise de la Bastille, les d\u00e9put\u00e9s \u00e0 Paris d\u00e9cid\u00e8rent que le 14 juillet deviendrait f\u00eate nationale. Quel 14 juillet ? Il y en eut deux : la prise de la Bastille en 1789, la F\u00eate de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration en 1790. Cette f\u00eate-l\u00e0 fut c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e au Champ de Mars, o\u00f9 s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve aujourd\u2019hui la Tour Eiffel, \u00e9difi\u00e9e en 1889. En 1790, Talleyrand, qui \u00e9tait aussi \u00e9v\u00eaque, c\u00e9l\u00e9bra une messe. La Fayette \u00e9tait pr\u00e9sent, le roi Louis XVI aussi ; de toutes les provinces \u00e9taient mont\u00e9es des d\u00e9l\u00e9gations. La France semblait r\u00e9concili\u00e9e. Pas pour longtemps, h\u00e9las ! Un si\u00e8cle plus tard, les d\u00e9put\u00e9s se querell\u00e8rent donc en d\u2019interminables s\u00e9ances entre les partisans de 89, plut\u00f4t de gauche, et de 90, plut\u00f4t de droite. Ils se s\u00e9par\u00e8rent sans conclure, si bien que l\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 demeure : seul le 14 juillet subsiste, mais l\u2019ann\u00e9e reste ind\u00e9termin\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ce qui n\u2019est pas plus mal : chacun en son for int\u00e9rieur est libre de comm\u00e9morer ce qu\u2019il pr\u00e9f\u00e8re, la r\u00e9volution ou la r\u00e9conciliation. Pour les Am\u00e9ricains, c\u2019est plus simple : <em>Bastille Day<\/em> c\u00e9l\u00e8bre un principe, \u00e0 l\u2019instar de la Statue de la Libert\u00e9, l\u2019espoir que le principe r\u00e9publicain, formul\u00e9 \u00e0 Philadelphie et Paris, devienne universel. Il reste un bout de chemin \u00e0 parcourir, ensemble si possible.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les Fran\u00e7ais ne c\u00e9l\u00e8brent pas le 4 juillet, la f\u00eate de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance am\u00e9ricaine ; tout juste s\u2019ils en connaissent le sens. Les Am\u00e9ricains, par contre, sont familiers de ce qu\u2019ils nomment <I>Bastille Day<\/I>, une expression qui \u00e9trangement n\u2019existe pas en fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":29585,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-idees"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Que f\u00eate-t-on pendant Bastille Day ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les Fran\u00e7ais ne c\u00e9l\u00e8brent pas l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance am\u00e9ricaine. 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He splits his time between France and the United States, where he used to teach economics. 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