{"id":30400,"date":"2013-08-21T09:00:47","date_gmt":"2013-08-21T14:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/france-amerique.com\/josephine-baker-la-resistante-franco-americaine-copy\/"},"modified":"2021-08-24T09:26:16","modified_gmt":"2021-08-24T14:26:16","slug":"josephine-baker-et-burt-lancaster-emissaires-de-france-a-la-marche-de-washington-de-1963","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/france-amerique.com\/fr\/josephine-baker-et-burt-lancaster-emissaires-de-france-a-la-marche-de-washington-de-1963\/","title":{"rendered":"Jos\u00e9phine Baker et Burt Lancaster, \u00e9missaires de France \u00e0 la Marche sur Washington de 1963"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"30400\" class=\"elementor elementor-30400\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-12cf18c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12cf18c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-70adce3\" data-id=\"70adce3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fefb453 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fefb453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00ab\u00a0Je dois vous le dire, mesdames et messieurs, dans ce pays, je n\u2019ai jamais eu peur. C\u2019\u00e9tait un endroit f\u00e9erique.\u00a0\u00bb Celle qui s\u2019adresse \u00e0 la foule r\u00e9unie sur le National Mall \u00e0 l&rsquo;occasion de la Marche sur Washington, ce 28 ao\u00fbt 1963, est citoyenne fran\u00e7aise depuis 1937. Jos\u00e9phine Baker ne parle pas de sa terre natale, les Etats-Unis, mais de la France, o\u00f9 elle s\u2019est expatri\u00e9e en 1925.<\/p><p>Pour l&rsquo;occasion, Jos\u00e9phine Baker a rev\u00eatu son uniforme des Forces fran\u00e7aises libres (elle a le grade de sous-lieutenant dans l&rsquo;Arm\u00e9e de l&rsquo;air), par\u00e9 de la Croix de guerre et de la L\u00e9gion d\u2019honneur. Elle a 57 ans et poursuit son combat pour la libert\u00e9. Sa pr\u00e9sence n\u2019\u00e9tait pas garantie. En Am\u00e9rique, l&rsquo;artiste et militante pour l&rsquo;\u00e9mancipation \u00e9tait per\u00e7ue par les plus radicaux comme trop fran\u00e7aise, \u00e9loign\u00e9e des pr\u00e9occupations et des combats pour l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 sur le territoire. Mais Jos\u00e9phine Baker conna\u00eet le pasteur King, ce qui facilite sa venue. Son manager, Phil Randolph, s\u2019\u00e9tait tout de m\u00eame assur\u00e9 que son apparition soit bien \u00ab\u00a0remarqu\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb et qu\u2019un h\u00e9bergement \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9cent et ad\u00e9quat\u00a0\u00bb lui soit accord\u00e9.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">Sous un soleil de plomb, Jos\u00e9phine Baker est la seule femme \u00e0 prendre la parole \u00e0 la tribune, pour <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/african-american-history\/speeches-african-american-history\/1963-josephine-baker-speech-march-washington\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">un discours qui dure vingt minutes<\/span><\/a><\/span>. Dans un style oral, elle revient sur son histoire, rappelle son enfance dans le Missouri, les \u00e9meutes d&rsquo;East St. Louis dans l\u2019Illinois et son d\u00e9part pour la France, son pays d\u2019accueil. Elle \u00e9voque ensuite la libert\u00e9 de pouvoir entrer dans un restaurant, demander un verre d\u2019eau, sans avoir \u00e0 fr\u00e9quenter des lieux publics s\u00e9gr\u00e9gu\u00e9s. Elle dit s\u2019\u00eatre habitu\u00e9e \u00e0 cette libert\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e, sans avoir peur des insultes et du regard des Blancs. A la fin de son intervention, elle souhaite \u00e0 toute l\u2019assistance d\u2019avoir autant de fortune qu\u2019elle, sans avoir besoin de fuir son pays pour la trouver.<\/span><\/p><p>A ses c\u00f4t\u00e9s, la vedette d&rsquo;Hollywood Burt Lancaster. Il\u00a0est \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode en tournage en France pour le film <em>The Train<\/em> de John Frankenheimer, dans lequel il incarne un chef de la R\u00e9sistance. Il a fait le voyage jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 Washington D.C. uniquement pour la journ\u00e9e, bravant sa peur de l\u2019avion pour participer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement historique. A Paris, il a pris part une semaine plus t\u00f4t \u00e0 une marche de citoyens am\u00e9ricains vers l\u2019ambassade des Etats-Unis organis\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00e9crivain James Baldwin, sp\u00e9cialiste de la condition des citoyens noirs en Am\u00e9rique.<\/p><p>Re\u00e7us par l\u2019ambassadeur am\u00e9ricain Charles E. Bohlen, les marcheurs ont r\u00e9dig\u00e9 une d\u00e9claration de soutien \u00e0 la manifestation dans la capitale f\u00e9d\u00e9rale. Baldwin et Lancaster apportent \u00e0 Washington une p\u00e9tition sign\u00e9e par 1 500 Am\u00e9ricains vivant \u00e0 Paris. L\u2019acteur prend la parole et lit la d\u00e9claration, dans laquelle il explique pourquoi il n\u2019est pas \u00ab\u00a0ais\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre Am\u00e9ricain \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ccff80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ccff80\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-210eeca\" data-id=\"210eeca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e98d18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"6e98d18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/WlnUACd7720&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La capitale f\u00e9d\u00e9rale s&rsquo;appr\u00eate \u00e0 f\u00eater les 50 ans de la marche pour les droits civiques, dont l&rsquo;apog\u00e9e fut le discours \u00ab I Have a Dream \u00bb de Martin Luther King. Jos\u00e9phine Baker et Burt Lancaster, partis depuis la France, ont pris part \u00e0 la mobilisation politique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":30402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jos\u00e9phine Baker et Burt Lancaster, \u00e9missaires de France \u00e0 la Marche sur Washington de 1963<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de Martin Luther King, Jos\u00e9phine Baker et Burt Lancaster ont pris part \u00e0 la marche pour les droits civiques \u00e0 Washington en 1963.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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