{"id":34126,"date":"2018-06-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-06-21T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/france-amerique.com\/1918-les-coulisses-du-jazz-en-france\/"},"modified":"2022-03-03T11:22:11","modified_gmt":"2022-03-03T16:22:11","slug":"1918-les-coulisses-du-jazz-en-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/france-amerique.com\/fr\/1918-les-coulisses-du-jazz-en-france\/","title":{"rendered":"1918, les coulisses du jazz en France"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='import_post'>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pendant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, les musiciens afro-am\u00e9ricains stationn\u00e9s en France popularisent une nouvelle forme de musique, un \u00ab\u00a0ragtime syncop\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb qui porte en lui les fondements du jazz. Une exposition organis\u00e9e au New Orleans Jazz Museum jusqu\u2019au 15 novembre 2018 revient sur cette p\u00e9riode.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00ab\u00a0Ici, le 12 f\u00e9vrier 1918, s&rsquo;est jou\u00e9 le premier concert de jazz sur le sol europ\u00e9en.\u00a0\u00bb C\u2019est ce que proclame la plaque d\u00e9voil\u00e9e sur la sc\u00e8ne du th\u00e9\u00e2tre Graslin de Nantes en f\u00e9vrier dernier pour comm\u00e9morer le centenaire de l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement. Pourtant, ce soir de f\u00e9vrier 1918, les cinquante-trois musiciens du 15<sup>e<\/sup> r\u00e9giment de la garde nationale de New York* jouent tout sauf du jazz. Le programme inclut \u00ab\u00a0La Marseillaise\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0The Star Spangled Banner\u00a0\u00bb, plusieurs marches militaires, des compositions de Verdi et de Wagner et quelques <em>negro spirituals<\/em> et m\u00e9lodies de plantation arrang\u00e9es par le chef d\u2019orchestre James Reese Europe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aucun des vingt-cinq orchestres militaires afro-am\u00e9ricains stationn\u00e9s en France pendant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale ne joue de jazz.\u00a0Les musiciens professionnels suivent leur partition \u00e0 la lettre\u00a0; aucune place n\u2019est laiss\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019improvisation. Les sonorit\u00e9s qu\u2019ils tirent de leurs instruments, cependant, sont r\u00e9solument nouvelles. Les Fran\u00e7ais sont captiv\u00e9s par le suraigu de la clarinette, le rugissement sourd du soubassophone, la complainte du trombone \u00e0 coulisse qui s\u2019allonge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/archivesfaold.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/http-a.amz_.mshcdn.com-wp-content-uploads-2015-11-hellfighters-3.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-72329 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/archivesfaold.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/http-a.amz_.mshcdn.com-wp-content-uploads-2015-11-hellfighters-3-670x476.jpg\" alt=\"jazz-en-route-to-france-ww1-369th-infantery-band-james-reese-europe-red-cross-paris\" width=\"670\" height=\"476\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>L&rsquo;orchestre du\u00a015<sup>e<\/sup> r\u00e9giment de la garde nationale de New York joue un concert pour la Croix Rouge \u00e0 Paris. \u00a9 Michael Ochs Archives<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00ab\u00a0Ce qui a enthousiasm\u00e9 les gens qui ont entendu ces orchestres\u00a0\u00bb, pr\u00e9cise Daniel Vernhettes,\u00a0l\u2019<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academiedujazz.com\/a-propos-de-l-arrivee-des.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">historien du jazz<\/span><\/a> qui a particip\u00e9\u00a0\u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019exposition \u00e0 La Nouvelle-Orl\u00e9ans, \u00ab\u00a0c\u2019est le traitement rythmique, l\u2019abondance de syncopes, les inflexions stylistiques, les <em>growls<\/em> et <em>glissandi<\/em> qui \u00e9taient appliqu\u00e9s \u00e0 tous les morceaux, y compris les marches militaires\u00a0\u00bb. Tout dans l\u2019attitude de ces orchestres, qui comptent parfois une centaine de musiciens en uniforme, emprunte \u00e0 la tradition des marching bands de La Nouvelle-Orl\u00e9ans.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>L\u2019influence des groupes amateurs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Les fanfares militaires noires am\u00e9ricaines ont frapp\u00e9 l\u2019imagination des Fran\u00e7ais, mais leur influence musicale reste modeste, nuance Daniel Vernhettes. Ces formations, qui jouaient lors des c\u00e9r\u00e9monies officielles et dans les villes proches du front, n\u2019ont touch\u00e9 qu\u2019une faible part de la population. C\u2019est l\u2019explosion de petits groupes amateurs, compos\u00e9s de soldats noirs, qui popularisa le \u00ab\u00a0ragtime instrumental\u00a0\u00bb en France.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Loin du front, les recrues noires affect\u00e9es dans les ports, les gares et les entrep\u00f4ts occupent leur temps libre par la musique. De petits groupes informels, compos\u00e9s de musiciens amateurs et souvent illettr\u00e9s, naissent au Havre, \u00e0 Saint-Nazaire, \u00e0 Brest, \u00e0 Bordeaux, au Mans. Leurs membres reproduisent \u00e0 l\u2019oreille les morceaux populaires du moment, comme \u00ab\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9chC3kBlDdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Livery Stable Blues<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00bb de l\u2019Original Dixieland Jass Band, enregistr\u00e9 en f\u00e9vrier 1917 et aujourd\u2019hui consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le premier titre de jazz. En novembre 1918, neuf soldats d\u2019un r\u00e9giment de pionniers affect\u00e9 au port de Marseille forment le Receiving Station Jazz Band. Le groupe compte une batterie, un trombone, deux cornets, une clarinette, un violon, un banjo, une guitare et une contrebasse. La base du groupe de jazz moderne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>La naissance d\u2019une culture \u00ab\u00a0jazz\u00a0\u00bb en France<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Apr\u00e8s l\u2019armistice,\u00a0les r\u00e9giments noirs sont les derniers \u00e0 rentrer aux Etats-Unis. Certains resteront en France jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019automne 1919\u00a0; ils participent \u00e0 la reconstruction du pays et enterrent les morts. Ces petits groupes sont plus proches de la population civile que les fanfares militaires. Les Fran\u00e7ais sont rapidement attir\u00e9s par cette \u00ab\u00a0musique un peu folle qui se joue des r\u00e8gles harmoniques\u00a0\u00bb, commente Claus Walkstein, chercheur \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Nantes et sp\u00e9cialiste du jazz, qui a aussi particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de\u00a0l\u2019exposition au New Orleans Jazz Museum. Certains Fran\u00e7ais s\u2019approprient le genre. Aux Arcs-sur-Argens, dans le Var, quatre musiciens forment le Popol Jazz Band. Sur une photo prise en 1919, ils posent dans la tenue brune des soldats am\u00e9ricains\u00a0!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/archivesfaold.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/PC-French-1919-Jazz-Band-e1529589735463.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-72326 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/archivesfaold.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/PC-French-1919-Jazz-Band-e1529589717800-670x473.jpg\" alt=\"Arcs-sur-Argens-Var-Popol-Jazz-Band-1919\" width=\"670\" height=\"473\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Le Popol Jazz Band\u00a0\u2014 un orchestre fran\u00e7ais !\u00a0\u2014\u00a0en 1919.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Les 1 000 \u00e0 1 200 musiciens afro-am\u00e9ricains pass\u00e9s par la France entre 1918 et 1919 ont initi\u00e9 les Fran\u00e7ais aux rythmes syncop\u00e9s et aux envol\u00e9es sonores, observe Claus Walkstein. \u00ab\u00a0Sans eux, la culture musicale am\u00e9ricaine ne se serait pas implant\u00e9e de la sorte en France. Ces petits groupes noirs ont ouvert la porte aux <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/archivesfaold.wpengine.com\/le-jazz-une-histoire-transatlantique\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">grands du jazz qui arriveront en France \u00e0 partir de 1925<\/span><\/a>, Sydney Bechet et Josephine Baker en t\u00eate.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>*<\/strong>Pour son courage au combat, le 15<sup>e<\/sup> r\u00e9giment de la garde nationale de New York\u00a0\u2014 devenu le 369<sup>e<\/sup> r\u00e9giment d\u2019infanterie en mars 1918 \u2014\u00a0sera surnomm\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0les <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/archivesfaold.wpengine.com\/the-harlem-hellfighters-african-american-fighters-in-french-uniforms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Harlem Hellfighters<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00bb lors de son retour aux Etats-Unis en f\u00e9vrier 1919.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><br \/>\n<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/archivesfaold.wpengine.com\/event\/jazz-en-route-to-france-1917-1918\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Jazz en Route to France: 1917-1918<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Du 21 juin au 15 novembre 2018<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>New Orleans Jazz Museum<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>400 Esplanade Avenue<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>New Orleans, LA 70116<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nolajazzmuseum.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>www.nolajazzmuseum.org<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[:]<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pendant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, les musiciens afro-am\u00e9ricains stationn\u00e9s en France popularisent une nouvelle forme de musique, un \u00ab\u00a0ragtime syncop\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb qui porte en lui les fondements du jazz. Une exposition organis\u00e9e au New Orleans Jazz Museum jusqu\u2019au 15 novembre 2018 revient sur cette p\u00e9riode. \u00ab\u00a0Ici, le 12 f\u00e9vrier 1918, s&rsquo;est jou\u00e9 le premier concert de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":34127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[286,143,217,187,279,362,361],"class_list":["post-34126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","tag-histoire","tag-history","tag-jazz","tag-music","tag-musique","tag-premiere-guerre-mondiale","tag-world-war-i"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>1918, les coulisses du jazz en France - France-Am\u00e9rique<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/france-amerique.com\/fr\/1918-les-coulisses-du-jazz-en-france\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1918, les coulisses du jazz en France - France-Am\u00e9rique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pendant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, les musiciens afro-am\u00e9ricains stationn\u00e9s en France popularisent une nouvelle forme de musique, un \u00ab\u00a0ragtime syncop\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb qui porte en lui les fondements du jazz. Une exposition organis\u00e9e au New Orleans Jazz Museum jusqu\u2019au 15 novembre 2018 revient sur cette p\u00e9riode. \u00ab\u00a0Ici, le 12 f\u00e9vrier 1918, s&rsquo;est jou\u00e9 le premier concert de [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/france-amerique.com\/fr\/1918-les-coulisses-du-jazz-en-france\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"France-Am\u00e9rique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-06-21T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-03T16:22:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/france-amerique.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/http-a.amz_.mshcdn.com-wp-content-uploads-2015-11-hellfighters-2-e1529594312927.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"597\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"France-Am\u00e9rique\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"France-Am\u00e9rique\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/france-amerique.com\\\/fr\\\/1918-les-coulisses-du-jazz-en-france\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/france-amerique.com\\\/fr\\\/1918-les-coulisses-du-jazz-en-france\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"France-Am\u00e9rique\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/france-amerique.com\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fb07fee7c44e4179636177c23eca320f\"},\"headline\":\"1918, les coulisses du jazz en France\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-06-21T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-03T16:22:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/france-amerique.com\\\/fr\\\/1918-les-coulisses-du-jazz-en-france\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":832,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/france-amerique.com\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/france-amerique.com\\\/fr\\\/1918-les-coulisses-du-jazz-en-france\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/france-amerique.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/03\\\/http-a.amz_.mshcdn.com-wp-content-uploads-2015-11-hellfighters-2-e1529594312927.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Histoire\",\"History\",\"Jazz\",\"Music\",\"Musique\",\"Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale\",\"World War I\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/france-amerique.com\\\/fr\\\/1918-les-coulisses-du-jazz-en-france\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/france-amerique.com\\\/fr\\\/1918-les-coulisses-du-jazz-en-france\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/france-amerique.com\\\/fr\\\/1918-les-coulisses-du-jazz-en-france\\\/\",\"name\":\"1918, les coulisses du jazz en France - 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